Powershell Basics
Hallo zusammen,
Damit ich mir nicht immer die verschiedensten Powershell Grundbefehle zusammensuchen muss, habe ich mir diese jetzt mal in einem Blogpost zusammengefasst.
/*Integrierte Hilfe*/
Get-Help
Get-Help Get-Date
Get-Help *
/*Liste aller verfügbaren cmdlets*/
Get-command
/*Powershell Version*/
get-host | select version
/*Execution Policy*/
Get-Help about_signing
Get-ExecutionPolicy
Set-ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted | RemoteSigned | AllSigned | Restricted | Default | Bypass | Undefined
Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned
| Policy Wert | Beschreibung |
| Restricted (Default) | Keine Skripte werden ausgeführt |
| Allsigned | Nur signierte Skripte werden ausgeführt |
| RemoteSigned | Lokal erstellte Skripte sind erlaubt, aber andere Skripte müssen signiert sein |
| Unrestricted | Jedes Skript wird ausgeführt |
/*Powershell Datatypes*/
| Datatype | Beschreibung |
| [string] | Fixed-length string of Unicode characters |
| [char] | A Unicode 16-bit character |
| [byte] | An 8-bit unsigned character |
| [int] | 32-bit signed integer |
| [long] | 64-bit signed integer |
| [bool] | Boolean True/False value |
| [decimal] | A 128-bit decimal value |
| [single] | Single-precision 32-bit floating point number |
| [double] | Double-precision 64-bit floating point number |
| [DateTime] | Date and Time |
| [xml] | Xml object |
| [array] | An array of values |
| [hashtable] | Hashtable object |
/*Compare Operator*/
| Operator | Beschreibung |
| -lt | Less than |
| -le | Less than or equal to |
| -gt | Greater than |
| -ge | Greater than or equal to |
| -eq | Equal to |
| -ne | Not Equal to |
| -contains | Determine elements in a group. Contains always returns Boolean $True or $False |
| -notcontains | Determine excluded elements in a group This always returns Boolean $True or $False |
| -like | Like - uses wildcards for pattern matching |
| -notlike | Not Like - uses wildcards for pattern matching |
| -match | Match - uses regular expressions for pattern matching |
| -notmatch | Not Match - uses regular expressions for pattern matching |
| -band | Bitwise AND |
| -bor | Bitwise OR |
| -is | Is of Type |
| -isnot | Is not of Type |
/*Operator*/
| Operator | Beschreibung |
| # | The hash key is for comments |
| + | Add |
| - | Subtract |
| * | Multiply |
| / | Divide |
| % | Modulus (Some call it Modulo) - Means remainder 17 % 5 = 2 Remainder |
| = | equal |
| -not | logical not equal |
| ! | logical not equa |
| -replace | Replace (e.g. "abcde" -replace "b","B") (case insensitive) |
| -ireplace | Case-insensitive replace (e.g. "abcde" -ireplace "B","3") |
| -creplace | Case-sensitive replace (e.g. "abcde" -creplace "B","3") |
| -and | AND (e.g. ($a -ge 5 -AND $a -le 15) ) |
| -or | OR (e.g. ($a -eq "A" -OR $a -eq "B") ) |
| -as | convert to type (e.g. 1 -as [string] treats 1 as a string ) |
| ..Range | operator (e.g. foreach ($i in 1..10) {$i } ) |
| & | call operator (e.g. $a = "Get-ChildItem" &$a executes Get-ChildItem) |
| . (space) | call operator (e.g. $a = "Get-ChildItem" . $a executes Get-ChildItem in the current scope) |
| . | for an objects properties $CompSys.TotalPhysicalMemory |
| -F | Format operator (e.g. foreach ($p in Get-Process) { "{0,-15} has {1,6} handles" -F $p.processname,$p.Handlecount } ) |
/*Pipe*/
Get-Service | fl name, status
Get-Service | ft name, status
/*Sortieren*/
Get-Service | Sort-Object -Property status
/*Where*/
Get-Service | where {$_.status -eq "Running"}
/*Objekte Zählen*/
Get-Service | where {$_.status -eq "Running"} | Measure-Object
/*Ausgabe*/
Write-Host "Test"
Write-Host "Test" -ForegroundColor "Green"
/*Ausgabe in HTML*/
get-service | ConvertTo-Html -Property Name,Status > D:\Temp\Service.html
/*Benutzereingabe*/
$a = Read-Host "Enter your name"
Write-Host "Hello" $a
/*Import-CSV*/
$Header = "Vorname", "Nachname"
$csv = Import-Csv c:\mitarbeiter.csv -Header $header
/*Export-CSV*/
Get-QADUser | select-object sn, givenName, title | export-csv C:\ad-name-title.csv -encoding "unicode"
/*Filesystem*/
cd c:\temp
Get-ChildItem
Get-ChildItem -Exclude .mp3
New-Item C:\Test\Powershell -type directory
$sw = new-object system.IO.StreamWriter($LogPath, 1)
$sw.readline("Just a new Line")
$sw.close()
/*Out-File*/
$a = "Hello world"
$a | out-file test.txt
/*WriteToFile*/
$sw = new-object system.IO.StreamWriter($LogPath, 1)
$sw.writeline("Just a new Line")
$sw.close()
$test= $test.Replace("test", "text")
$test
$arr = $domuser.split("\")
$domain = $arr[0]
$sam = $arr[1]
Get-ItemProperty -path "REGISTRY::\HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\WinTrust\Trust Providers\Software Publishing\" -name State
set-ItemProperty -path "REGISTRY::\HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\WinTrust\Trust Providers\Software Publishing\" -name State -value 146944
/*WMI*/
Get-WMIObject -Class Win32_Computersystem
$Datum = get-date
$Datum = $(get-date -format "dd.MM.yyyy HH:mm:ss")
/*If Else*/
If ($Count -gt 0) {
Write-Host("Computer " + $Computername + " found") -foregroundcolor Green
} else {
Write-Host("Computer " + $Computername + " NOT found") -foregroundcolor Red
}
/*Bedingung*/
$a = "red"
switch ($a)
{
"red" {"The colour is red"}
"white"{"The colour is white"}
default{"Another colour"}
}
$searchstring = "little"
$result = $string -match $searchstring #Result is TRUE
/*For Each*/
Foreach (Item in Items){
Write-Host("Do whatever you want")
}
$range = 1..2000
ForEach ($iterator in $range) {
$groupname = "Group" + "{0:D4}" -f $iterator
new-QADGroup -Name $groupname -SamAccountName $groupname -ParentContainer 'OU=Groups,OU=TEST,DC=destination,DC=internal' -Member j.doe
}
/*Do While*/
$a=1
Do {$a; $a++}
While ($a –lt 10)
/*Do Until*/
$a=1
Do {$a; $a++}
Until ($a –gt 10)
/*Array*/
[array]$myarray = @()
$myarray += "A"
$myarray += "B"
$myarray.GetType()
$myarray
/*Powershell Snapin*/
#Check if Forefront Snapin is already loaded
$Snapins = get-pssnapin
if ($Snapins -match "FSSPSSnapin")
{
Write-Output $("Forefront PS Snapin already loaded")
}
else
{
Write-Output $("Loading Forefront PS Snapin")
Add-PsSnapin FSSPSSnapin
}
/*Eventlog*/
Get-EventLog System -Newest 10
/*Garbage Collector*/
[System.GC]::Collect()
/*COM Objekte*/
$a = New-Object –comobject "wscript.network"
$a.username
/*Credential*/
$Cred = Get-Credential
/*Securestring*/
$Password = ConvertTo-SecureString Pass@word1 -AsPlainText -Force
/*Ausführen eines Scripts*/
powershell.exe "c:\myscript.ps1"
/*Parameter*/
myscript.ps1 server1 username
$servername = $args[0]
$username = $args[1]
/*Funktion*/
function sum ([int]$a,[int]$b)
{
$result = $a + $b
return $result
}
sum 4 5
# Function WriteLog
###############################################################################
Function WriteLog {
PARAM (
[string]$pLogtext
)
$pDate = $(get-date -format "dd.MM.yyyy HH:mm:ss")
$sw = new-object system.IO.StreamWriter($LogPath, 1)
$sw.writeline($pDate + " " + $pLogtext)
$sw.close()
}
/*SQL Querys*/
###############################################################################
# SQL Query's with Powershell
###############################################################################
#Setup SQL Connection
$SqlConnection = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection
#$SqlConnection.ConnectionString = "Data Source=ICESRV02;database=db_test;Uid=myusername;Pwd=mypassword"
#Use this Windows Authentication
$SqlConnection.ConnectionString = "Data Source=ICESRV02;database=db_test;Integrated Security=SSPI;"
$SqlConnection.Open()
#SQL SELECT
$qSQL = "SELECT fID, fVorname, fNachname FROM tUsers"
$SqlCmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand
$SqlCmd.CommandText = $qSQL
$SqlCmd.Connection = $SqlConnection
$SQLReader = $SqlCmd.ExecuteReader()
$sqlReader.Read()
$Count = $sqlReader["SearchForPST"]
$SQLReader.close()
#SQL INSERT
$qSQL = "INSERT INTO tUsers (fVorname, fNachname) VALUES ('Hans', 'Muster')"
$SqlCmd.CommandText = $qSQL
$Result = $SqlCmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
Write-Host "Result INSERT: " $Result
#SQL UPDATE
$qSQL = "UPDATE tUsers SET fVorname = 'Fritz', fNachname = 'Meier' WHERE fNachname = 'Muster'"
$SqlCmd.CommandText = $qSQL
$Result = $SqlCmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
Write-Host "Result UPDATE: " $Result
$SqlConnection.Close()
[string]$EwsApiDll = "C:\Program Files\Microsoft\Exchange\Web Services\1.2\Microsoft.Exchange.WebServices.dll"
Import-Module -Name $EwsApiDll
